Brahminy Duck (Ruddy Shelduck)
Scientific Name: Tadorna ferruginea
Physical Features: The Brahminy Duck is a large, striking waterfowl with a body length of about 58-70 cm and a wingspan reaching up to 120-135 cm. It has rich orange-brown plumage over its body, contrasting with a paler head and neck. Its wings are white with black flight feathers, which are prominent in flight. The bill, legs, and feet are dark grey or black. Males and females look alike, though the male may have a slightly whiter head during the breeding season.
Habitat: Brahminy Ducks are found in lakes, rivers, wetlands, and even reservoirs and dams. They are migratory birds in India, with populations arriving in winter from breeding grounds in Central Asia and Mongolia. They prefer large open water bodies, often found in semi-arid and arid regions.
Behavior: Primarily herbivorous, they forage in shallow waters for aquatic plants, seeds, grains, and grasses. They are known to be opportunistic feeders, occasionally eating small fish, mollusks, and insects. They are usually seen in pairs or small groups and are highly territorial during the breeding season. These ducks are also known for being vigilant, often warning other birds of approaching danger.
Conservation Status: Least Concern
Unique Traits: Brahminy Ducks are often associated with cultural and religious significance in parts of Asia, including India. They are strong fliers, capable of covering long distances during migration, and can fly at high altitudes while crossing mountain ranges such as the Himalayas.
Vocalizations: These ducks are notably vocal, often producing loud, honking calls, especially when alarmed. They are known for their resonant, echoing "aark-aark" sound, which is often heard when they are disturbed or communicating with a mate.
Breeding and Reproduction: Breeding occurs from April to June in Central Asia, with the birds migrating to India in winter. They build nests in burrows, crevices, or abandoned tree holes, laying 6-12 eggs per clutch. The incubation period lasts about 28-30 days, and the young are capable of swimming and feeding soon after hatching.
Ecological Importance: As herbivores, they help control aquatic plant growth, maintaining the balance of wetland ecosystems. Their role in seed dispersal and nutrient recycling through their droppings contributes to the health of aquatic environments. Their vigilance also helps alert other species to predators.